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Émilie is the French feminine form of the Latin name Aemilius, derived from the Roman family name Aemilia, itself possibly rooted in the Latin word aemulus, meaning rival or striving to equal. The name was borne by early Christian martyrs and spread widely through Europe during the medieval and early modern periods. Notable bearers include the French philosopher and writer Émilie du Châtelet, the 18th-century physicist and mathematician. Related forms include Emily in English, Emilia in Italian and Spanish, Amelia, and Amélie in French.