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Fiona is an Anglicized form derived from the Scottish Gaelic word fionn, meaning fair or white, referring to a pale or luminous complexion. The name was popularized largely through the work of Scottish poet and author William Sharp, who used the pen name Fiona Macleod in the late nineteenth century to publish romantic Celtic Revival literature. It gained widespread use throughout the English-speaking world during the twentieth century and remains strongly associated with Scottish and Irish cultural identity. Cognate forms and related names include Finn, Finnian, and Ffion, the Welsh equivalent.