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Vivian derives from the Latin name Vivianus, rooted in vivus, meaning alive or living, and was borne by a fifth-century saint and bishop whose veneration spread the name through medieval Europe. The name appears in Arthurian legend as the Lady of the Lake, sometimes called Viviane or Nimue, which helped sustain its romantic associations in French and English literary tradition. It has been used for both men and women, though in modern English-speaking countries it is predominantly feminine. Related forms include Viviane, Vivienne, Vyvyan, and the Italian Viviano.